
Four glacial epochs shaped the topography of the midwest; Wisconsinian, Illinoisan, Kansan, and Nebraskan. The last, the Wisconsinian, began to fade about 12,000 years ago.
But it took awhile. Maybe 2,000 or so years. Because the yearly average temperatures differed only slightly for the onset and recess of each epoch, less than +/- 5 degrees Fahrenheit.
All readers of these humble offerings are endlessly astute, and will instantly recognize that if such minute variations can cause a sheet of ice two miles thick to squat on Indianapolis, global warming is not a theory but a fact, tirelessly challenged and unrecognized by all who might change its relentless course.
The glaciers were 10,000 to 12,000 feet thick. They leveled mountains in Canada, and deposited fine sand and boulders the size of houses. All those rounded stones you find are glacial deposits. Nothing but limestone and dolostone (white and shaley yellow) are from here. Been here for 400 million years. Everything in north central Indiana, and much of Wisconsin, Ohio, Iowa, Illinois, and all the rest, came from somewhere up nort'.
If you go up a few flights in any tall building in Indianapolis and look to the south, you will see an unbroken line of low hills in a gentle perpendicular arc. This is the terminal moraine, the extent of all Indiana glaciation. South is hills and forests, much of it too irregular to farm, concentrations of caves and exposed fossils of animals and plants long gone, and coal.
Why should you care?
If you look at a river map of Indiana, note that the Mississinewa and White rivers are scant miles apart in Wayne County. But the White River trends west, while the Mississinewa, Salamonie, and Wabash Rivers all flow northwest. The latter three drain a vast area of glacial till, measured in hundreds of square miles, not acres. The rivers continue northwest to flood control dams, south of Huntington, east of Wabash, southeast of Peru. The flow continues northwest at short distance, turns abruptly west, before the confluenced flow turns south at Lafayette. The northwest flow is directed by an ancient feature known as the Cinncinnati Arch. This anticline runs from its namesake to Chicago, and is the sole reason for Indiana's gas boom, of a county named Wells, of a town named Petroleum, of working oil wells along SR 13 north of Wabash.
So what turns the rivers west? The Teays River. More correctly, its pre-glacial channel. Believed to be from 1 to 2 miles wide, 500 feet deep, it carved a huge valley very much in evidence today.
A river meanders. This is a result of the Coriolis Effect, imparted by the mad spinning of the planet. It's why rockets rotate, bullets drift, and whirlpools, even as you flush, always rotate in the same direction. It also causes a river, stream, or even a ditch to turn, in a predictable pattern (1 turn in 7 lengths), and erode either bank. Flow dynamics mean water with a further distance to travel must move faster. Water's capacity to carry a load, as sediment, is dependent on flow rate. Such that water in the outside of the meander erodes, as slower-moving water on the inside deposits.
The perfect exhibit of the majesty of the Teays is on display in Wabash.
You enter town through a 50 foot roadcut through Mississinewa Dolomite (400 my bp), cross the Wabash River, than climb across three distinct plateaus, formed from deposits from the slow-moving waters on the inside radius of the turn. And this ancient channel, scoured by the billions of gallons of melting ice, continues through Peru, turning all three great rivers.
Before Indiana senators convinced the Army Corps of Engineers to build the dams in the 50's and 60's, Huntington, Wabash, Peru, Logansport, and all points on the rivers were flooded regularly to an incredible degree by today's mild standard.
I have seen watermarks on buildings in all these cities fifty feet and more above today's regulated flow.
And that's the story of Mississinewa Reservoir, my personal playground.
For about seven years I was a vegetarian. Not a vegan. There are synthetic saddles, WinTec an outstanding value, but mine is a Heiser, over fifty years old. What to do with it? And I prefer leather shoes and boots, and belts, billfolds, and holsters.
I am convinced I cannot survive in this or any other climate that includes winter without wool. If there is a synthetic material that approaches the wonders of wool, I never found it. And now I lack the resources to look.
Following an accident in 2000, I was saddled with sleep apneas, undiagnosed until 2008. I was (and am) too tired to cook much, and I found myself living on cookies and candybars. No complaints, except unstoppable weight gain. It started with fish, and I couldn't unring the bell.
Today I didn't see much in the way of birds, but did see two groundhogs.
Even as I have killed nothing since before Clinton was president, only last week I had considered killing and eating a groundhog.
The recipe I found was detailed. And, rated difficulty was "Insane".
So much for pot hunting.